Kashaneh Bastam Tower: A Historic Landmark in Iran

Standing majestically southeast of the Jama Mosque in Bastam, Iran, the Kashaneh Bastam Tower also known as Borj Kashaneh is a 14th-century tower that captures the essence of both historical and architectural intrigue.

Rising to 24 meters internally and 20 meters externally, this 30-sided structure boasts a unique form that has led to various theories about its original purpose.

The tower, built in 700 AH (1300 CE), has been the subject of much debate. While inscriptions attribute its construction to the Ilkhanid ruler Öljaitü, local legends claim it was once a Zoroastrian fire temple from Sassanian times.

Renowned historian André Godard suggests the tower was initially named Ghazaneh and later transformed into Kashaneh. Over the centuries, it has served multiple functions, from a watchtower to a possible astronomical observatory, reflecting its versatile role in history.

Though its roof once collapsed, it has since been restored, preserving its historical charm. Officially recognized as a National Heritage Site in 1932, the Kashaneh Tower continues to intrigue visitors with its rich past and distinctive architecture.

Join us as we delve into the fascinating history, architecture, and location of the Kashaneh Tower, and discover everything you need to know before planning your visit.

About Kashaneh Bastam Tower

The Kashaneh Tower in Bastam, Iran, also known as the "Tomb Tower near the Jama Mosque," stands as a captivating historical landmark from the 8th century AH.

Situated in Bastam, within the Shahrud County and to the southeast of the Jama Mosque, this striking tower has been officially registered as a national monument since January 5, 1932, under registration number 69.

While the precise date of its construction remains uncertain, local tradition suggests that the tower may have originally served as a Zoroastrian fire temple before the advent of Islam.

Some scholars, including André Godard, believe that the tower was built by Ghazan Khan, a Mongol ruler, and was originally named Ghazaneh. Over time, the name evolved into Kashaneh.

Architecturally, the tower is a marvel. It rises 13.58 meters and features a 25-pointed star shape in its exterior design. The tower's upper section is adorned with large bricks bearing inscriptions, including a beautifully rendered Thuluth script of "Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim" on the southwest side. Although the tower's roof had collapsed over time, it has since been restored.

Kashaneh Tower History

The Kashaneh Tower in Bastam, Iran, remains shrouded in historical mystery. While the exact date of its construction is not definitively known, local tradition suggests that the tower was originally a Zoroastrian fire temple from the Sassanian era, predating the advent of Islam.

In contrast, historical inscriptions on the tower indicate it was built in the year 700 AH (1300 CE). Renowned scholar André Godard attributes the structure to the Mongol ruler Ghazan Khan, proposing that the original name was Ghazaneh, which evolved over time to Kashaneh. This theory aligns with the tower’s inscription but differs from local beliefs.

The tower's design also hints at its versatile uses. Its architectural features, resembling an observatory, suggest that it may have served not only as a watchtower but also as an astronomical observatory.

Despite the collapse of its roof in the past, the tower has been meticulously restored. Officially recognized as a national heritage site on January 6, 1932, the Kashaneh Tower continues to captivate historians and visitors alike.

Kashaneh Bastam Tower Architecture

The Kashaneh Tower, located in Bastam, Iran, is a striking example of historic architecture with a rich, albeit enigmatic, past. Rising approximately 24 meters internally and 20 meters externally, the tower features a polygonal shape with 30 sides, giving it a unique and visually captivating appearance.

The tower’s internal layout consists of 10 sections, while its exterior is designed in the form of a 25-sided star. This complex geometric shape is complemented by decorative elements, including large brick outlines with inscriptions.

On the southwestern side, a beautiful Thuluth script reads "Bismillah al-Rahman al-Rahim" (In the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate), adding a touch of elegance to the structure.

Historically, towers like Kashaneh served various purposes, including observation and defense. They were often built independently or near city walls and forts. While many ancient Iranian towers were cylindrical and used for strategic purposes, some, like Kashaneh, also served ceremonial or commemorative functions. The Kashaneh Tower's architecture, adorned with intricate stucco work and Arabic inscriptions, highlights its aesthetic and historical significance.

Inside, the tower features a deep well and narrow spiral stairs leading to the top. The entrance is located adjacent to the mihrab of the nearby mosque, and a small corridor with ornate stucco work leads visitors to the tower. Overall, the Kashaneh Tower is not only an architectural marvel but also a testament to Iran’s rich historical and cultural heritage.

Kashaneh Tower Location

The Kashaneh Tower is located in Bastam, a serene town in the Shahroud County of Semnan Province, Iran. It is specifically situated on Mahdieh Street,  and in close proximity to the picturesque Jame Mosque of Bastam, offering visitors a glimpse into the rich cultural and architectural heritage of the region.

Tips for Visiting Kashaneh Bastam Tower

1. The Kashaneh Bastam Tower is situated near the Jame Mosque in Bastam. Take time to explore the mosque and the surrounding area to fully appreciate the historical context of the tower.
2. The tower, built in 700 AH (1300 CE), has been associated with various historical purposes. Learn about its possible roles as a Zoroastrian fire temple, watchtower, and astronomical observatory.
3. The Kashaneh Tower’s unique 30-sided polygonal shape and ornate inscriptions make for fantastic photographs. Don’t forget your camera to capture the details.
4. As a national heritage site, it is important to respect the monument. Follow all guidelines provided by site officials and avoid touching the inscriptions.

Bottom Line

The Kashaneh Bastam Tower, prominently positioned southeast of the Jama Mosque in Bastam, Iran, is a remarkable relic of the 14th century. Known for its striking 30-sided design and standing at 24 meters internally, the tower has captivated visitors with its blend of historical and architectural significance.

Though its exact origins are debated, with theories ranging from a Zoroastrian fire temple to a construction by the Mongol ruler Ghazan Khan, the tower's role has evolved through the centuries.

Originally built in 700 AH (1300 CE), its architecture features a unique 25-sided star shape and decorative elements, including elegant inscriptions. Despite a past roof collapse, the tower has been meticulously restored and recognized as a national heritage site since 1932.

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